Chapter3 OS Essentials Essays - 633 Words

CHAPTER 3 Exercises 3.6 What are the differences among short-term, medium term, and long-term scheduling? Answer: The short-term scheduler selects from the ready processes the next process to run and gives it the CPU. The long-term scheduler selects from the pool of processes that are waiting on disk and loads the selected processes into memory. These processes have not yet begun their execution. The medium-term scheduler takes processes that are currently in memory and selects those to be swapped out to disk. These processes will be swapped back in at a later point. This is done to improve process mix or because of memory requirements like overcommitted and needs to free up memory. A primary difference is in the frequency†¦show more content†¦Describe the undesirable circumstances that could arise from not enforcing either the at most once or exactly once semantics. Describe possible uses for a mechanism that had neither of these guarantees. Answer: If an RPC mechanism could not support either the â€Å"at most once† or â€Å"at least once† semantics, then the RPC server cannot guarantee that a remote procedure will not be invoked multiple occurrences. Consider if a remote procedure were withdrawing money from a bank account on a system that did not support these semantics. It is possible that a single invocation of the remote procedure might lead to multiple withdrawals on the server. For a system to support either of these semantics generally requires the server maintain some form of client state such as the timestamp described in the text. If a system were unable to support either of these semantics, then such a system could only safely provide remote procedures that do not alter data or provide time-sensitive results. Using our bank account as an example, we certainly require â€Å"at most once† or â€Å"at least once† semantics for performing a withdrawal or deposit. However, an inquiry i nto an account balance or other 3.12 Using the program shown in Figure 3.30, explain what the output will be at Line A. Answer: The output will be Parent: Value = 5. Once theShow MoreRelatedNatural Language Processing ( Nlp )7704 Words   |  31 Pagesappropriately reflected by the phrase mining knowledge from data. However, once coined, this term has been used for decades and analysts have become accustomed to this word. Also known as Knowledge Discovery from Data, or KDD, Data Mining is an essential step in knowldege discovery. Regarding the actual Sentiment Analyzer, Python will be used. Python is part of a winning formula for productivity, software quality, and maintainability at many companies and institutions across the globe. It s extensivelyRead MoreExxon Mobile Capstone40455 Words   |  162 Pagesbuyer A1 high A2 high Sc 5 R1 1 R2 Reason Buyer Power 1 All oil refineries produce the same oil with standard grades. The buyers are the households and commercial transportation. They are price sensitive. Transportation is essential to households and commercial transportation industry. Hence product is significantly important to the buyer. Electricity and household use of natural gas too is important to households With the rising oil prices, households are increasingly paying

John Was Preaching Against Rome - 1867 Words

John was preaching against Rome in Revelation In the late first century a follower of Jesus of Nazareth, John of Patmos, received a vision of the end the world. John later wrote this vision down and his writing has come down to modernity as The Book of Revelation also known as The Apocalypse of John. When John wrote Revelation was he using it as a coded message to preach against Rome? In this vision, John saw many images that could be read as Rome or Roman if viewed from a historical context. Subsequent generations have interpreted the imagery within their own historical context. With this paper I will argue that Revelation pertains to the Roman world and culture that John and his followers were living in, the events in Judea that are thought to have occurred within his life time and that John used some of the same imagery to connect his writing to the Hebrew Bible. There are two main competing dates for the writing of Revelation, an early date of 69-70 and a later date of 90-92. This paper will be using the 69-70 date and will be providing evidence to prove why this date works better for the context of this paper. First this paper will establish the time frame in which John wrote Revelation. George H. van Kooten’s article, The Year of the Four Emperors and the Revelation of John: The ‘pro-Neronian’ Emperors Otho and Vitellius, and the Images and Colossus of Nero in Rome, from Journal for the Study of the New Testament points, â€Å"In the midst of this war (in 68),Show MoreRelated The Trial of Jesus Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pagesthe wonders of history.† ( Hexter 50) Hexters interpretation of the trial of Jesus begins with the charge of sedition. â€Å"...charges with sedition for claiming to be king of the Jews, a claim he refused to disavow, Jesus was condemned to death that Rome inflicted on criminals. He was nailed to a cross and left there until he died...† (Hexter 63) It is apparent that there is evidence for the claim of sedition such as the power Jesus hel d when acting out miracles to the public and also the act of JesusRead MoreActs of the Apostles Essay examples1496 Words   |  6 PagesThis chapter deals with the ascension of Jesus to heaven as witnessed by his apostles. Shortly after the ascension, the eleven apostles set forth to Jerusalem where they discussed the need to replace Judas. They proposed Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also known as Justus, and a man named Matthias. They gave lots to them and the lot fell upon Matthias, and he became the replacement for Judas. Chapter 2 The coming of the Holy Spirit appears in the form of tongues of fire and descends on thousandsRead MoreQuestions and Answers Bible Studies and Faith657 Words   |  3 Pagesbible verse and /or passage in scripture to aid your response. Presently God is leading His people with prophetic preaching and teachings.In Daniel chapter 2, Daniel interprets King Nebuchadnezzar’s dream of the statue.The prophecy is fulfilled when the first kingdom Babylon falls another kingdom Medo-Persia rises. After the second kingdom Medo-Persia, Greece rises, followed by Rome. When a prophecy is fulfilled it gives us proof of Gods existence.â€Å"And without faith it is impossible to please GodRead MoreSummary Of First Missionary Journey 2422 Words   |  10 PagesActs describes how Paul was ministering in Antioch with Barnabas, when he was directed by the Holy Spirit to be released from his Church duties. The Holy Spirit had another assignment for Paul, and that was to go and take the Gospel more widely. Some believe that this notion came from the Holy Spirit through fasting and prayer. Paul began his first missionary in the town of Antioch. Throughout Paul’s first missionary journey he was accompanied by Barnabas and B arnabas cousin John Mark. God gave PaulRead More New Testament Synopsis Essay2205 Words   |  9 Pagesbirth and death of Jesus of Nazareth, but detail his life and teaching including minutiae which parallel portions of the Old Testament - and one would think this truth would have been recognized by more of His contemporaries. The rejection that was experienced by Christ in his day opened the door for redemption for the uttermost parts of the world, after which Israel is finally restored to Him. The book of Acts continues the story of God’s redemption of all-He-Wills. The church are ruled byRead MoreEssay on The Pauline Epistles I1141 Words   |  5 PagesThis letter was written a few months after the first. A date from 55-56 AD is generally accepted for this letter. Timothy had not met with much success and Paul wrote this letter to further his position in the first letter and to address concerns that arose out of his previous epistles. The second Letter to the Church at Corinth is the supplement of the first. It is due to the same circumstances which called out the first, and to the effects that were produced in the church at Corinth by theRead MoreThe Medieval Period Of The Middle Ages1183 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Medieval Period the Roman Church was the dominated church. The church controlled religion, philosophy, morals, politics, art and education. In addition, many practices from the Middle Ages laid the foundations to today’s modern world. Charles the Greats of the franks, also known as Charlemagne was a Medieval Emperor during 800. Ruling majority of Europe by spreading the outbreak of religion and culture. Charles the Great was a man of knowledge, as he was fluent in Latin, he studied Greek andRead MoreIn The Book Of Revelation, John Writes An Apocalyptic Letter1654 Words   |  7 PagesIn the book of Revelation, John writes an apocalyptic letter each to the seven churches in the ancient Roman providence of Asia (The Bible Project). Before writing the letters, John of Patmos, or another John, is persecuted for preaching the Gospel; as punishment, he is exiled on an island called Patmos where he meets Jesus in a vision, seeing the risen Savior in His full glory. This becomes the start of Revelation where Jesus would tell John about the present events likely to happen with the futureRead MoreMark : The Gospel Of Mark Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesMark: The Gospel of Mark tells the story of Jesus Christ’s li fe from when he was baptized by John the Baptist until the days of his death, and his resurrection. Mark was the second of four Gospels although some Scholars argue and insist Mark was the first Gospel written 1. Mark was written by John Mark in AD 65, with a target audience of Roman Christian beleivers 2. Mark was written in a unique manner in regards to literary genre, as it contains figures of speech, and portray life situations in aRead More Changing Policy on Medieval Heresy Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesHamilton 4). The Eastern Orthodox Church, located in Constantinople, spoke out greatly against heresy: ?The Faith of the three hundreds and eighteen fathers assembled at Nicaea...shall not be set aside, but shall remain firm. And every heresy shall be anathematized? (Roach 10). The Church despised heresies and tried to abolish heresy using any method they could (Moore 8-10). Heresy?s spread through Europe was not appreciated by the Church, but it remained unquestioned by the larger part of the civilian

Plato’s 4 Virtues Free Essays

The Four Virtues of the Republic In the Republic, Plato sets up a framework to help us establish what the four virtues are, and their relationship between them to both the city and the soul. According to Plato, the four virtues are wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice. There are three classes within the city: guardians, auxiliaries, and artisans; and three parts within the soul include intellect, high-spirited, and appetitive. We will write a custom essay sample on Plato’s 4 Virtues or any similar topic only for you Order Now By understanding the different classes of the city or parts of the soul, one will be able to appreciate how the virtues attribute to each one specifically. Book II of the Republic opens with Plato’s two brothers, both who want to know which is the better life to live: the just or the unjust. First, Socrates wants to know, â€Å"what justice and injustice are and what power each itself has when it’s by itself in the soul† (Cahn 130). One needs to understand what the soul is before one can talk about virtue because the relationship between the soul and virtue is excellence. This sets up the foundation that the structure of the soul and the city are similar in relation to the four virtues. In order for Socrates to accomplish this, he needs to examine the larger one first, the city, representing the ontological. Then, he is going to examine the smaller one, the soul, representing the epistemological. The establishment of each of these will display how the two mirror off one another, allowing the relationship between the city and the soul to become visible. Plato sets out the depiction that the city comes into being because not everyone is self-sufficient, but rather everyone needs different things in order to survive. Each person in the city is going to have one specific function to perform, which establishes the proper order of a just city contains three different classes: the guardians, the auxiliaries, and the artisans. In having established this ideal city, one can determine that it is completely good, therefore, it should be seen as wise, courageous, moderate, and just. Each one of the classes established in the city relates to a particular virtue. For the guardian class, â€Å"a whole city established according to nature would be wise because of the smallest class and part in it, namely, the governing or ruling one. And to this class, which seems to be by nature the smallest, belongs a share of the knowledge that alone among all the other kinds of knowledge is to be called wisdom† (Cahn 144). The intellect the guardians possess, allows the city to have good judgment and be considered wise by the people, since so few have this ability. This helps them pass legislation allowing all of the other classes to be in harmony with one another bringing the city to a state of unity. For the auxiliary class, â€Å"the city is courageous, then, because of a part of itself that has the power to preserve through everything its belief about what things are to be feared† (Cahn 144). The auxiliaries demonstrate this kind of preservation about what is to be feared and what is not to be feared and under no circumstances do they abandon their beliefs because of pains, pleasures, desires, or fears. As they fear the destruction of the city and anything that will bring it about, â€Å"this power to preserve through everything the correct and law-inculcated belief about what is to be feared and what isn’t is what I call courage† (Cahn 145). Their determination to remain dedicated to being courageous will lead to justice within the city. For the artisan class, â€Å"moderation spreads throughout the whole. It makes the weakest, the strongest, and those in between†¦all sing the same song together. And this unanimity, this agreement between the naturally worse and the naturally better as to which of the two is to rule both in the city and in each one, is rightly called moderation† (Cahn 146). By willingly accepting the dictates of the guardians by not objecting the legislation they pass, they are putting the city in a state of harmony. It can clearly be seen that only when each class is properly performing its particular role within the city, will justice be able to prevail. For Plato, â€Å"Justice, I think, is exactly what we said must be established throughout the city when we were founding it†¦everyone must practice one of the occupations in the city for which he is naturally best suited† (Cahn 147). This only happens when the city is not in a state of internal conflict with itself allowing the highest principle, good, to be seen; making it the most unified, therefore being just. Since the proper order of the city has now been established, it is time to turn inward to one’s soul to determine where justice and injustice might lie, and what the difference is between the two. Plato believes, â€Å"if an individual has these same three parts in his soul, we will expect him to be correctly called by the same names as the city if he has the same conditions in them† (Cahn 148). Now that Plato has found the four virtues within the larger environment of the city, he now wants to investigate their relationship to the smaller environment of the soul. The first part of the soul that calculates is considered rational by having the ability to make good judgment, known as its intellect. The second part of the soul that desires certain indulgences and pleasures; such as, food, drink, and sex, is considered irrational and is known as its appetitive part. The third part of the soul is known as the high-spirited, which allows a person to get angry by giving way to the use of their emotions. The appetite of one’s soul draws a person towards things, while the intellect of one’s soul pushes that person away, thus creating two different parts. The high-spirited is, â€Å"a third thing in the soul that is by nature the helper of the rational part† (Cahn 151). Originally, the spirited part was thought of as being appetitive; however, when there is a civil war within one’s soul, the anger of the high-spirit allies with the rational part of the soul. Now that the three different parts of the soul have been identified, it is clear that, â€Å"the same number and the same kinds of classes as are in the city are also in the soul of each individual†¦Therefore, it necessarily follows that the individual is wise in the same way and in the same part of himself as the city† (Cahn 151-152). Accordingly, the intellect of the soul should rule, as the guardian class does in the city because they both display the virtue of wisdom allowing them to exercise understanding on behalf of the whole soul and city. Similarly, the high-spirit of the soul should use anger, as the auxiliary class does in the city because they both demonstrate the virtue of courage allowing them to maintain proper order and harmony needed to establish justice. When the two parts of the soul and the city work together, the virtue of moderation is exhibited; because the soul’s appetitive part and city’s artisan class will be working together to maintain a state of unity. As seen with the city, justice will only emerge in the soul when each of the three parts are properly ordered and in a state of harmony with one another. In the city, the guardians and auxiliaries exist in order to control and direct the artisan class; while in the soul, the intellect and high-spirit exist in order to rule over the appetites of the individual. Justice in the city and soul are related to one another because, â€Å"in truth justice is, it seems, something of this sort†¦binds together those parts and any others there may be in between, and from having been many things he becomes entirely one, moderate and harmonious† (Cahn 153). When an individual is acting justly, then they are being true to the three parts of their soul, allowing the virtue of justice to surface. When each of the three classes in the city are properly performing their roles, then is the virtue of justice displayed. Plato describes justice as the perfect harmony between the parts both within the soul and within the city as the best possible combination to illustrate all four of the virtues. How to cite Plato’s 4 Virtues, Essay examples

cosmetic animal testing Essay Example For Students

cosmetic animal testing Essay English 112 April 2, 1999 Page 1Cosmetic Testing on Animals When most people go to the store to purchase cosmetics and household cleaners they usuallydont put too much thought into it. Most people do not realize that 14 million animals die andsuffer each year for these products that are almost meaningless to humans. (Shah, abstract)Cosmetic animal testing is a very big problem that gets greatly overlooked. It is a problem thathas lasted for centuries. As a matter of fact, according to the All for Animals Newsletter, animaltesting on cosmetics goes way back to the seventeenth century when animals were believed tofeel no pain. After it was proven that they could feel pain the testing stopped for a while. However, it began again in 1933 when a woman died from a mascara. After that incident theFood and Drug Administration passed an act for animal testing on cosmetics.(Issue 1) However,that act is no longer in effect, but companies continue to test on animals. There are several different types of tests used on animals each day. The two most commonones are the Draize Test and the LD50. The Draize test is an eye test named after a man by thename of John Draize. This test involves dropping a substance into an animals eye and watchingthe results.(All for Animals Newsletter, Issue 1) This test is usually preformed on albino rabbits,and it is done by clipping their eyes back. The painful results of this test include swelling of theeyelids, inflammation of the iris, ulceration, bleeding, blindness, and death resulting from brokennecks.(the animal breaks their neck in an attempt to get free). The LD50 or Lethal Dose 50 ispreformed by force-feeding a substance to a group of animals until fifty percent of them dies. Substances may also be pumped into the animals stomach, injected under the skin, into a vein, orinto the lining of the abdomen. This test, as well as the Draize test, is preformed withoutadministering no kind of painkillers.(Shah, abstract) Many health professionals agree that thesetests are crude and imprecise. (Shah, abstract) However, many scientist agree that these tests arevital in obtaining scientific test results that are reliable and accurate.(Health safety alliance,abstract) Page 2 No matter what any scientist says about cosmetic animal testing, there are reliablealternatives. As a matter of fact, some scientist have actually said that these alternatives arefaster, cheaper, and provide better information.( Health safety alliance, abstract) So what arethese alternatives? There are many of them. One very common one is the use of cell cultures,which is artificially grown cell cultures that come from the upper part of the skin and they reactjust like normal skin.(Chang, 1998) A ccording to Prof. Hans Junginger, this is the easiest way totest new ingredients as well as finished products. He also mentions that using these cultures willsave money as well as lives of animals.(abstract) Another popular alternative is the use ofcorneas from eye banks. This, of course, replaces the Draize test. (Shah, abstract) The followingare some more effective alternatives given in issue 2 of the All for Animals Newsletter: Eyetex: A test-tube procedure that measures eye irritancy via a protein alteration system. This replaces the Draize test. Skintex: A test-tube method to access skin irritancy that uses pumpkin rind to mimic thereaction of a foreign substance on human skin. Epi pack: Uses cloned human tissue to test potentially harmful substances. Neutral Red Bioassey: Cultured human cells that are used to compute the absorption of awater-soluble dye to measure relative toxicity. Testskin: Human skin grown in plastic bags is used to test irritancy. Topkat: computer software program that measures toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity,and teratonogenicity. So with all of these alternatives that are more cost effective, better predictors of human injury,provide quicker results, and dont hurt animals: Why dont all companies use them? The answeris that they have a fear for human safety and they fear product liability suits. There are no laws that say cosmetics have to be tested on animals nor is there one that says thatthey cant be tested. However, there is a good side. There are laws to regulate testing. In Britain,these laws go way back to the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act. This act set up a system of licensingPage 3and certification. This act was later replaced by the Animals Act of 1986. In the United States,there is an Animal Welfare Act that started in 1966 and has been amended five times. (the lastbeing in 1991) This act sets standards for transportation and husbandry of laboratory animals. Two other forms of protection for laboratory animals is the U.S. Public Health Service Guide forthe Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Health Research Extension Act of 1985. Bothof these regulate research funded by National Institutes of Health and require regular reports. They also require animal care and use committees.( Zurlo, Rudacille Goldberg, 1997) Finallyaccording to a chapter in Animals and Alternatives in Testing History, Science, and Ethics,written by J. Zurlo, D. Rudacille, and A.M. Rudacille, the best thing yet to protect laboratoryanimals is the establishment of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC). Thesecommittees review all procedures and facilities that have to do with the testing of an animal,whether or not pain will occur. They must make sure that the number of animals being used issufficient, and that the scientist are using the three Rs: 1. Refinement 2. Reduction 3. ReductionBesides these acts many scientist have acknowledged the fact that they have a responsibility tothese animals. They see that they need to respect the welfare of these animals by proper care,use, and an avoidance or minimization of distress, pain, and suffering. They also make sure thatanimals stay in good health because they know that animals i n poor health could cause seriousexperimental error, just like testing on water wouldnt be any good if it were preformed in a dirtycontainer.( Health safety alliance, abstract) Even though these protection acts, and good scientistare out there it doesnt make testing okay, just better. Testing still needs to be completelystopped. Page 4 Some companies refuse to acknowledge the fact that testing needs to be abolished. These arecompanies that continue to torture and kill these poor helpless animals. According to an abstractcalled Animal Testing by the Cosmetic Industry these companies and examples of their productsinclude: Unilever: Dove soap, Cutex, Wisk Laundry detergent, I Cant Believe its not Butter, Echo,Crem Silk shampooProctor and Gamble: Max Factor, Clarion, Cover Girl, Luvs, Pampers, Vidal Sassoon, Cresttoothpaste, Tide laundry detergent, Head and ShouldersColgate-Palmolive: Palmolive shampoo, Colgate toothpasteThese are just a few of the companies that are still testing the list goes on and on. However, thereare over 500 companies that are cruelty-free. These companies include: Avon and Revlon. There is yet another side to this. There are many companies that claim to be cruelty-free butreally arent. This may mean that the company itself hasnt tested on animals, but the companywhere it got its ingredients from has. There is no government standards to define this term soaccording to an online brochure by the Health and Safety Alliance, Not Tested on Animals can really mean:The exact final product formula was not tested on animals, but single ingredients oringredient combination was. The manufacturer did not conduct animal testing, but the ingredient supplier did. What does the claim Not Tested on Animals or Cruelty-Free really mean?The manufacture did testing in another country. Ingredients or the finished product have not been tested within the past five years. Page 5In reality most ingredients have been tested on animals at some time or another. However,companies have no business misleading consumers. There are some honest companies that dontmake the claim cruelty-free simply because of one of the above reasons. There is a question that remains on my mind: How could a company morally hurt pooranimals? Most people look at them at being nasty rats, but those nasty rats are warm bloodedcreatures that can feel pain, and besides 10-15 percent of these animals are dogs, cats, andmonkeys. (Chang, 1998) Now how could people promote hurting those household pets. Companies and supporters say that it is for our own well being. Well, I have shown a number ofalternatives that equally, if not more, effective. Besides, what about the animals well being?Many people believe that they have nothing to do with what companies do. However, withoutconsumers are what makes a company. So what can we do? I have made a list of possible waysto help: 1. Stop buying products that are tested on animals. This is simple enough. If a company loses alot of consumers for this reason then they will be forced to stop testing, and Im sure that anykind person can find it in their hearts to sacrifice a couple of their household products andpersonal items for the sake of these harmless creatures. Defining Patriotism EssayThe manufacturer did not conduct animal testing, but the ingredient supplier did. What does the claim Not Tested on Animals or Cruelty-Free really mean?The manufacture did testing in another country. Ingredients or the finished product have not been tested within the past five years. Page 5In reality most ingredients have been tested on animals at some time or another. However,companies have no business misleading consumers. There are some honest companies that dontmake the claim cruelty-free simply because of one of the above reasons. There is a question that remains on my mind: How could a company morally hurt pooranimals? Most people look at them at being nasty rats, but those nasty rats are warm bloodedcreatures that can feel pain, and besides 10-15 percent of these animals are dogs, cats, andmonkeys. (Chang, 1998) Now how could people promote hurting those household pets. Companies and supporters say that it is for our own well being. Well, I have shown a number ofalternatives that equally, if not more, effective. Besides, what about the animals well being?Many people believe that they have nothing to do with what companies do. However, withoutconsumers are what makes a company. So what can we do? I have made a list of possible waysto help: 1. Stop buying products that are tested on animals. This is simple enough. If a company loses alot of consumers for this reason then they will be forced to stop testing, and Im sure that anykind person can find it in their hearts to sacrifice a couple of their household products andpersonal items for the sake of these harmless creatures. 2. Write companies that test on animals. You dont have to get evil, just let them know that youcare enough to respond. 3. Write companies that do not test on animals. Let them know what a great job they are doing. This will cause them to keep up the good work. 4. If you really want to become involved, join an animal support group. These groups donate alot of their time fighting for the well being of animals. I dont know if testing on animals will ever be stopped. There will probably always be thosestubborn companies out there that just will not give in. However, we can try to abolish it. I have found out that in the last ten years animal research has dropped by 50 percent.(Chang, 1998) If Page 6we can only keep this trend continuous then everything will be just fine. Scientist and activistwant totally different things. I believe that with a little teamwork they can get on the samegrounds. For now maybe we can get the scientist to really promote the three Rs , especiallyreplacement. Its not abolishment..but its a start. English 112 April 2, 1999 Page 1Cosmetic Testing on Animals When most people go to the store to purchase cosmetics and household cleaners they usuallydont put too much thought into it. Most people do not realize that 14 million animals die andsuffer each year for these products that are almost meaningless to humans. (Shah, abstract)Cosmetic animal testing is a very big p roblem that gets greatly overlooked. It is a problem thathas lasted for centuries. As a matter of fact, according to the All for Animals Newsletter, animaltesting on cosmetics goes way back to the seventeenth century when animals were believed tofeel no pain. After it was proven that they could feel pain the testing stopped for a while. However, it began again in 1933 when a woman died from a mascara. After that incident theFood and Drug Administration passed an act for animal testing on cosmetics.(Issue 1) However,that act is no longer in effect, but companies continue to test on animals. There are several different types of tests used on animals each day. The two most commonones are the Draize Test and the LD50. The Draize test is an eye test named after a man by thename of John Draize. This test involves dropping a substance into an animals eye and watchingthe results.(All for Animals Newsletter, Issue 1) This test is usually preformed on albino rabbits,and it is done by clipping their eyes back. The painful results of this test include swelling of theeyelids, inflammation of the iris, ulceration, bleeding, blindness, and death resulting from brokennecks.(the animal breaks their neck in an attempt to get free). The LD50 or Lethal Dose 50 ispreformed by force-feeding a substance to a group of animals until fifty percent of them dies. Substances may also be pumped into the animals stomach, injected under the skin, into a vein, orinto the lining of the abdomen. This test, as well as the Draize test, is preformed withoutadministering no kind of painkillers.(Shah, abstract) Many health professionals agree that thesetests are crude and imprecise. (Shah, abstract) However, many scientist agree that these tests arevital in obtaining scientific test results that are reliable and accurate.(Health safety alliance,abstract) Page 2 No matter what any scientist says about cosmetic animal testing, there are reliablealternatives. As a matter of fact, some scientist have actually said that these alternatives arefaster, cheaper, and provide better information.( Health safety alliance, abstract) So what arethese alternatives? There are many of them. One very common one is the use of cell cultures,which is artificially grown cell cultures that come from the upper part of the skin and they reactjust like normal skin.(Chang, 1998) A ccording to Prof. Hans Junginger, this is the easiest way totest new ingredients as well as finished products. He also mentions that using these cultures willsave money as well as lives of animals.(abstract) Another popular alternative is the use ofcorneas from eye banks. This, of course, replaces the Draize test. (Shah, abstract) The followingare some more effective alternatives given in issue 2 of the All for Animals Newsletter: Eyetex: A test-tube procedure that measures eye irritancy via a protein alteration system. This replaces the Draize test. Skintex: A test-tube method to access skin irritancy that uses pumpkin rind to mimic thereaction of a foreign substance on human skin. Epi pack: Uses cloned human tissue to test potentially harmful substances. Neutral Red Bioassey: Cultured human cells that are used to compute the absorption of awater-soluble dye to measure relative toxicity. Testskin: Human skin grown in plastic bags is used to test irritancy. Topkat: computer software program that measures toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity,and teratonogenicity. So with all of these alternatives that are more cost effective, better predictors of human injury,provide quicker results, and dont hurt animals: Why dont all companies use them? The answeris that they have a fear for human safety and they fear product liability suits. There are no laws that say cosmetics have to be tested on animals nor is there one that says thatthey cant be tested. However, there is a good side. There are laws to regulate testing. In Britain,these laws go way back to the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act. This act set up a system of licensingPage 3and certification. This act was later replaced by the Animals Act of 1986. In the United States,there is an Animal Welfare Act that started in 1966 and has been amended five times. (the lastbeing in 1991) This act sets standards for transportation and husbandry of laboratory animals. Two other forms of protection for laboratory animals is the U.S. Public Health Service Guide forthe Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Health Research Extension Act of 1985. Bothof these regulate research funded by National Institutes of Health and require regular reports. They also require animal care and use committees.( Zurlo, Rudacille Goldberg, 1997) Finallyaccording to a chapter in Animals and Alternatives in Testing History, Science, and Ethics,written by J. Zurlo, D. Rudacille, and A.M. Rudacille, the best thing yet to protect laboratoryanimals is the establishment of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC). Thesecommittees review all procedures and facilities that have to do with the testing of an animal,whether or not pain will occur. They must make sure that the number of animals being used issufficient, and that the scientist are using the three Rs: 1. Refinement 2. Reduction 3. ReductionBesides these acts many scientist have acknowledged the fact that they have a responsibility tothese animals. They see that they need to respect the welfare of these animals by proper care,use, a

Wizard Of Oz Essays - English-language Films, The Wizard Of Oz

Wizard Of Oz All you have to do is knock the heels together three times Glinda the witch made this clear as she told Dorothy how her only way of escaping Oz and returning home was by the ruby slippers she was wearing. Kansas City was a place where Dorothy overcame many different obstacles that played in her mind and led her to fantasizing about a place ?somewhere over the rainbow way up high?. This utopia takes away all of life's dilemmas and flawlessness and replaces your soul with many hopes, dreams and happiness galore. Meandering down the yellow brick road, Dorothy comes across three imaginary beings that help her along the way on her adventure of going back home. She is given intelligence for using her ruby slippers to keep evil powers away, sensitivity of the heart and courage to carry on and defeat the evil witch of the west. ...I have no brains at all. The scarecrow was the first encounter that Dorothy made on her journey to see the wizard so that he could get her home. Although he said time after time that he did not have a brain and could not think for himself, the scarecrow did a very good job of aiding Dorothy to Emerald City. He thought up a way of tricking the trees so that Dorothy and he would have some apples to eat because they were starving. Scarecrow believed that the wonderful wizard of Oz would be able to give him a brain so he could use endlessly and be as smart like the others. The identity of the scarecrow is the character Hunk in Dorothy's realistic life. It is shown that Dorothy keeps the people who are close to her in mind when she drifts off into Wonderland. Do you suppose Oz could give me a heart? The Tin Woodman was the second being that Dorothy confronts with. He believed that he didn't have a ticker and felt that he lacked sensitivity, emotion and feeling. Throughout their quest, Tinman showed that he cared a lot for Dorothy and the others. His big heart that he thought he never had made Dorothy peaceful and comfortable from being in a strange place. Although it is obvious that Tinman had concern and thoughtfulness for everyone, he wanted to tag along and ask Oz for a heart. Hickory, the guy who felt like he was going to have a stroke when Dorothy fell into the pigs, was the Tin Woodman in her imagination. Do you think Oz could give me courage? The last good friend that Dorothy made in the enchanted forest was the Cowardly Lion. He had lots of courage in him but didn't know when and how to use it. Lion's heart was filled with love and seems as though he didn't have the guts to kill a fly. He knew he lacked courage so he wanted to join Dorothy, Scarecrow, and Tinman so he could ask Oz for some. He was shamefully unable to control fear and stayed away from danger or trouble. In Dorothy's real world the Cowardly Lion is Zeke and he is the one who saved her when she fell into the pigs sty. ?There's no place like home.? Dorothy's dream adventure helped her to resolve the issues she faced in her waking reality because each character she came across made her realize that she should treat Aunty Em better and that being with people you care about is important. Come with me... for if you do not, I will make an end of you... Dorothy realized that she could stand up for herself and Toto against Almira Gulch who was the wicked witch in her imagination. You don't need a wizard to get you back into reality from an imaginary world, (I am Oz the great and terrible.) you just have to free your mind from whatever is going on around you. Dorothy felt as if she went through many hardships to get home but it all made her think about how much she needed to learn about life and how its not just an imaginary world? It's real. I'm so glad to be home again. Bibliography the movie Movies and Cinema Essays

Colleges With the Lowest SAT Scores, Ranked

Colleges With the Lowest SAT Scores, Ranked SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Applying to college is a nerve-wracking process, but have no fear, if you want to go to college even with a low SAT score, there is most likely a school for you! In this article, I'll list the colleges with the lowest 25th percentile SAT scores for their admitted students. The 25th percentile SAT score means that 25% of admitted students to that university scored at or below that number; the 75th percentile SAT score means that 75% of admitted students scored at or below that score (25% scored higher).I'll also explainwhy their low SAT criterion doesn’t necessarily mean the university is bad. Schools Listed in Ascending Order of 25th/75th Percentile with Admission Rate I compiled this comprehensive list through online research. I chose to list it in ascending order by 25th percentile score (rather than the 75th percentile score) so that you could see the lowest scores allowed for admission to these universities. These scores are from data for the current version of the SAT, which is out of 1600. School Name 25th Percentile SAT Score 75th Percentile SAT Score Admission Rate Wiley College 600 1020 40% Jarvis Christian 720 890 54% Shaw University 730 900 60% Rust College 740 870 16% Livingstone College 750 930 72% Central State University 760 900 39% Edward Waters College 760 920 23% Voorhees 770 (average) 50% Paine College 770 950 44% Huston-Tillotson University 770 960 46% Chowan University 780 940 62% CUNY-Medgar Evers 780 960 91% Pine Manor College 780 970 69% Cheyney University of Pennsylvania 780 1020 85% Virginia Union 800 920 83% Bethune-Cookman 800 960 54% Gallaudet University 800 990 62% College of St Elizabeth 800 1000 63% Trinity Baptist College 800 1090 Unknown Texas Southern University 810 980 51% Kentucky State University 810 1000 38% Wesley College 810 1030 63% Clark Atlanta University 820 1010 52% Hillsdale Free Will Baptist College 820 1030 45% Sul Ross State University 830 1010 80% Paul Quinn College 830 1020 89% Alabama State University 840 1030 48% SUNY Cobleskill 840 1070 89% Calumet College of St Joseph 850 00 35% Virginia State University 850 1020 77% University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff 860 1070 46% Post University 860 10 47% Trinity College of Florida 870 1050 74% Northern State University 870 80 83% Texas AM - Kingsville 910 10 82% Kentucky Christian University 910 40 48% Albertus Magnus 950 1050 67% North Park University 1020 1220 52% Marietta College 1030 1270 72% University of Louisiana at Monroe 1030 1310 94% Why Do These Colleges Have Low SAT Scores for Admits? Is It a Bad Thing? There are many reasons these schools may have lower SAT score requirements.Many of the schools on this list are specialty schools,such as religious or art schools. These specialty schools often prioritize other admission criteria, such as artistic talent or religious faith, over the SAT. For example, Trinity College Florida says, "We seek applications from students who are personally committed to Jesus Christ and express a desire to study in a Christian college environment. Prospective students should show potential for academic success and evidence of outstanding Christian character." In a particularly unique example, Gallaudet University prioritizes the education of deaf and hard-of-hearing students, although select hearing students who know ASL may be admitted. You may notice that a lot of these schools have a large gap between the 25th to 75th percentile (some nearly as wide as 400 points).Students with scores near the 25th percentile may be admitted for special reasons such as being the child of a significant donor, a legacy, an athlete, or an exceptional talent (such as a world-class pianist). Another possible explanation for the wide range of scores isthat since most of these schools have such high admissions rate, they need to accept a wider range of students to fill up their classes. Some of these schools take almost every student who applies and, thus, have wider ranges of scores. It's not necessarily a bad thing that these schools have lower SAT requirements.It may simply mean that the school is prioritizing other admissions criteria or that the school is opening their school to a wider range of students. A lot of other colleges, including prestigious schools like Bryn Mawr, Wake Forest, and George Washington University, are no longer requiring the SAT for admission.This decision doesn't mean that these aren't excellent colleges; they just no longer think the SAT is the best criteria for admission to their university. However, some of the schools on the list above are not veryacademically rigorous. If you're looking for an intellectually challenging school, you may want to look elsewhere. Even worse, there are schools out there that simply exist to make money, and innocent students end up stuck with hundreds of thousands of dollars of debt. While for-profit schools are usually the worst offenders, some non-profits also have lower education quality and leave students with few job prospects after graduation. Be wary and do your research when considering where to apply to college. When selecting colleges to apply to, you should instead consider whether the college is your best fit, asking questions such as: Does it have the major you want to pursue? Have students in your major ended up with careers in their chosen field? Is it in a big or small town? What is the student body size? What percentage of students are working or attending graduate school after graduation? How many are unemployed? To figure out what schoolis right for you, check out our guide to choosing a college. What’s Next? Trying to raise your SAT score? Check outour ultimate study guide. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school. Thinking about getting a job while in high school? Check out our guide to the 8 best jobs for teensand learn how to find yours! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dora Seigel About the Author As an SAT/ACT tutor, Dora has guided many students to test prep success. She loves watching students succeed and is committed to helping you get there. Dora received a full-tuition merit based scholarship to University of Southern California. She graduated magna cum laude and scored in the 99th percentile on the ACT. She is also passionate about acting, writing, and photography. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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The Article Summaries and Reaction Paper Management of Computers Essay

The Article Summaries and Reaction Paper Management of Computers - Essay Example Proper management of computers in the classroom and lab are so significant in the learning process of the students and so to the security and life of the computer system itself. The Net Support School or NSS, offers a comprehensive and proper management in the use of computers in classroom and computer lab. Their main objective is how to manage the use of computer, printers, and the devices more effectively. Teachers should act as administrator to control the user privileges of the students, they can also log-in and log-off remotely to student's computers through his unit. They can also monitor the screen of every student simultaneously as to observe what the students are doing. During the discussions, monitors or screens of the student's computers should be blank, keyboard and mouse must be locked to gain their focus and attentions. Considering that computer printing is important, teachers should also control the page limit of every student. Computers are subjective to malwares, spywares and other form of viruses, thus teacher or laboratory in-charge should not allow copying of files from USB devices and CDROMS to the hard drives or hard disk. The capabili ty to transfer files or handouts to selected computers and even to all units is also an advantage with regard to time management. In summarizing the proper management of computers, teachers can control various computer privileges such as; application and internet metering and control, teacher security, internet safe search, printer control and device control (Intel.com). Like the Net Support School, Intel Education Initiative also explained how to manage the computer use effectively, because they know that allocating more time for students in using the computer is so important. They are also taking into consideration about the subject matter, like, having a focus on discrete activities, where work activities are well-defined by the teachers to let the students do a desirable project immediately. They believed that computers must not be used in internet research during work activities for it is just a waste of time, since it could be assigned as homework to students. Creating a checklist for a task and a timeline respectively will help students to be more productive and efficient toward their work. It is also important that proper and appropriate use of computer must be implemented, and whatever inappropriate action will result in losing and deactivation of students' computer access and privilege as a form of their punishment. The computer classroom m ust be made available before school time, during break time, and after school time especially for students who don't have computers at home (Netsupportschool.com). In relation to my own professional thinking, both of the two articles were implementing better practice in proper management of computers in classroom and computer lab. I agree that the teachers should also be the administrator at the same time in terms of giving user access and privilege. Aside from the teaching procedures and guidelines, being a good administrator will also result to harmonious and smooth sailing learning for students. I also agree that during the discussions and defining of task, the monitor, mouse and keyboard should be disabled to let the students listen attentively. In addition to their principles of management, I would like to encourage that the classroom and com

Banking system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Banking system - Essay Example These activities include selling various insurance products, forming societies, and investment platforms for their customers. This is called ‘buy and sell’ in banking. Banks are literally buying and selling products to consumers as a vender would do. Profit maximization is one of the major core objectives of shareholders for establishing businesses. Therefore, as businesses, banks are out to make profits. Leverage refers to a process by which banks acquire assets using borrowed money and uses these assets to make more money hence enabling them to buy more assets than they previously had. This money is a profit to the bank and shareholders who have invested their funds in form capital in the bank. However, this process involves many risks and in some cases the assets acquired fail to generate more money than the initially anticipated hence resulting into the bank making losses. Either shareholders invest in banks expecting to get returns on their on their investment. However, banks also need this money to keep growing in order to increase their profits margins. Because of this, they are force to acquire more assets from other sources to enable them maximize shareholder profits. This process of leverage is therefore only effective if profits are made. Banks request for securities when they are making loan advancements to their borrowers. The bank then holds this asset during the period covered by the loan for the purpose of security in case the borrower defaults in payment. If a customer defaults in paying back the loan and the accumulated interest, then it can dispose the security to recover the loan and interest. Therefore, securitization is the mechanism through which banks and other financial institutions pool together different types of debts owed to them, then repackage them, and finally sell them as securities like bonds and CMOs to different investors maximize their gains These institutions engage in these

Sudan Food Famine and the Production Possibilities Curve Assignment

Sudan Food Famine and the Production Possibilities Curve - Assignment Example buyers and many are still dying hungry .This has seen the occurrence of a hunger disaster in this state where 70,000 people have died according to the United Nations. Worse still, there have been challenges in the aversion of the famine due to the attention of humanitarian aid being directed to tsunami victims and the fact that agricultural equipment and seed stock lie in destruction. There is also a reduction in the capacity of production, where it scales down by a factor of five in the West Darfur region for instance. This has been due to the instillation of fear; displacement and murder of the families who carry out are farming. Basically, a reduction in the units of labor translates to a decline in productivity. Another factor is the diversion of economic activities by the farmers who have had their harvest stolen upon harvest. Another effect has been on the increase on the number of workers and a decrease in the amounts of wages where workers are engaging in other economic activities such as weaving, brick making with little pay. An increase in the amount of labor leads to a decrease in the amount of wage received by

The Naval Blockade Of Cuba History Essay

The Naval Blockade Of Cuba History Essay Since the morning of October 16, 1962, it has been clear that Robert F. Kennedys involvement in the Cuban missile crisis was the definitive factor in the prevention of war. In the months precluding October, U.S owned U-2 spy planes discovered that the Soviet Union were building surface-to-air missile launch sites. Suspicion was also raised from reports that there was an increase in the number of Soviet ships arriving in Cuba, which the United States government feared were carrying weapons. President John F. Kennedy and his own Intelligence Department watched on with great alarm, and seemed to tolerate the arms being supplied to Cuba, as long as the Soviets did not begin to place nuclear missiles there. On September 11th, 1962, J. Kennedy warned the U.S.S.R that he would prevent by whatever means might be necessary Cubas becoming of an offensive military base. Robert F. Kennedy became involved when on October 16th, 1962, President John F. Kennedy revealed to him that a U-2 had just fi nished a photographic mission two days earlier, and had produced evidence that Russia was placing missiles and atomic weapons in Cuba, thus confirming the countries first suspicions. For the next thirteen days, the Cuban missile crisis became R. Kennedys life  [2]  , as he joined the Presidents Executive Committee of the National Security Council, or EXCOMM, to discuss a reasonable but efficient strategy. The members of the EXCOMM discussed, with the help of Robert F. Kennedy, 5 possible courses of action  [3]  : Do nothing. Use diplomatic pressure to get the Soviet Union to remove the missiles. An air attack on the missiles. A full military invasion The naval blockade of Cuba, which was redefined as a more selective quarantine. For each strategy, pros and cons were discussed between the members, and it was mutually agreed upon that a plan that would avoid conflict, while still showing the U.S.A to be strong and serious about the situation, had to be conceived. The Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman, General Maxwell. D. Taylor, whom was the military adviser for EXCOMM, disagreed and believed that the full-scale attack and invasion was the only probable solution. However, R. Kennedy was extremely sceptical of this, and it was he who helped develop the strategy to blockade Cuba, as it was, in his own mind, the only option that would avoid nuclear war. It was also important for the United States to redefine the blockade as a selective quarantine, as a blockade is a direct act of war. In reference to the other options available, and especially the air strike, R. Kennedy said: Youre going to kill an awful lot of people and we are going to take a lot of heat for it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ youre going to announce the reason that youre doing it is because theyre sending this kind of missiles, well, I think its almost incumbent upon the Russians then to say, Well, were going to send them in again, and if you do it again à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ were going to do the same thing to Turkey or Iran. He also believed that attacking Cuba by air would gesture the Soviets to presume a clear line to blockade Berlin, which they had done previously in 1948 after the conclusion of World War II. If the U.S. was to lose Berlin, R. Kennedy believed her allies would lose faith. He feared that doubt would be casted on the superpower, and that many would believe the only reason they lost Berlin was because they could not peacefully resolve the Cuban situation  [4]  . On the 24th October, the blockade began, and the first 20 missile-carrying ships that were closest to the 800km blockade zone at the time stopped or turned around, in order to avoid their ships being searched  [5]  . It is clear that without the ideas R. Kennedy put forth, an uncivil military strike would have been initiated, and it is for this reason that he is credited with playing the most pivotal role in precluding nuclear war. With R. Kennedys help and support, the U.S.A. had only successfully stopped one problem of the crisis, for they still had to deal with the missiles already in Cuba. After many negotiations, requests, and exit strategies were discussed between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R, a plan of action became apparent to the Soviets. They would agree to dismantle their Cuban missiles in exchange for the U.S. never invading Cuba, and the removal of the U.S. owned Jupiter missiles in Turkey and Italy. R. Kennedy was, at first, against this and was only willing to agree upon the no invasion policy. He believed that this would show a sign of weakness, something that the United States was strongly trying to avoid. However, as no other options became apparent, R. Kennedy suggested their removal after a period of 6 months, as there were already plans to disassemble them. John F. Kennedy suggested his brother be the man to speak with Soviet Ambassador for the United States Anatoly Dobrynin about the crisis, a nd it was his negations with the Ambassador that played the most essential role in the final circumstances of the predicament. R. Kennedys contact with Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin was his second biggest contribution to the Cuban missile crisis. Three times R. Kennedy met with Dobrynin, with each meeting being held in secret so that both sides, the U.S and U.S.S.R, could talk freely. Together, they discussed ideas to work out a solution. This allowed R. Kennedy to successfully convey his brothers wishes to Dobrynin, which, as stated before, called for the secret removal of all Jupiter missiles in Turkey and Italy. R. Kennedy had to make it clear that if the Soviets were to go public with their agreement, the U.S. would strongly deny it. He stated to Dobrynin that the missiles would be removed within a short time after the crisis was over, to avoid suspicion from the U.S. citizens. After each meeting, Dobrynin would cable a report through to the Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev, telling his superior of new developments in the crisis, who evidently valued these reports greatly. R. Kennedy, being an infl uential American official, was capable of accurately informing Dobrynin and the Soviets how urgent the situation was. This direct contact with the Soviets was the key feature in the outcome of the Cuban missile crisis, and portrays how important R. Kennedys role was in the crisis. On October 29th Russian Premier Nikitia Khrushchev wrote a letter to John F. Kennedy stating that: The Soviet government, in addition to previously issued instructions on the cessation of further work at the building sites for the weapons, has issued a new order on the dismantling of the weapons which you describe as offensive and their crating and return to the Soviet Union. The quarantine continued to watch over Cuba to ensure that all offensive weapons were shipped out, and on November 20th, 1962 at 6:45pm the blockade was formally ended, although it was not till December 5th and 6th that the final Soviet missiles were shipped off. True to his word and the informal agreement, R. Kennedy made sure that all U.S. missiles were disassembled, and by April 24, 1963 the last of the missiles had been defected and were flown out of Turkey shortly after. These final actions show that the work R. Kennedy contributed to the United States throughout the Cuban missile crisis was extremely fundamental in the avoidance of nuclear war. It can be argued that Robert F. Kennedys role was mediocre and that the successful outcome of the Cuban missile crisis should be more broadly shared. He famously passed a note on to the president, which read: I now know how Tojo felt when he was planning Pearl Harbor. The argument arises because it is unclear if R. Kennedy was making an ironic comment, ridiculing the members of EXCOMM calling for an air strike, or if he in fact meant it literally. It could have been that in the early stages of the crisis, R. Kennedy was for an invasion of Cuba, and he genuinely felt the same way the Japanese would have. Despite this, further evidence shows that R. Kennedy clearly supported the blockade, and even by simply comparing a U.S. attack on Cuba with the Japaneses bombing of Pearl Harbor, R. Kennedy was able to discredit the pro-invasion members of EXCOMM. It would seem that the evidence taken from the secret meetings and initial strategies of the Cuban missile crisis shows how crucial Robert F. Kennedys role was in precluding nuclear war. The 1930s taught a clear lesson for the world; that aggressive conduct, if allowed to go unchecked and unchallenged, ultimately leads to war. The evidence suggests that the Soviets antagonism would have led to nuclear war, and it is therefore accurate in stating that Robert F. Kennedy played the most pivotal role in averting nuclear war, as he was indeed the key voice against the U.S.S.R during the Cuban missile crisis.

A Look at Bipolar Disorder Essay -- Diseases/Disorders

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is more than just ordinary mood swings. People suffer from periods of mania to periods of depression. Bipolar disorder is a significant medical condition that is a great health interest in America (Hopkins Medicine). The number of people being diagnosed with bipolar disorder increases every year; therefore, the importance of education and understanding of this disorder also increases because it can affect so many people’s lives. According to Johns Hopkins medicine, manic depression affects more than 5.7 million American adults--or about 2.6 percent of Americans age 18 and older in a given year. Both sexes are affected equally. Bipolar disorder does not discriminate against race, ethnicity, or social class. Adolescence or early adulthood is when bipolar disorder normally begins, with 25 being the average age. Although researchers have not yet identified the gene, it is believed to be hereditary and likely runs in the family (Hopkins Medicine). The precise cause of bipolar disorder is not known, but there are a few components that to may lead to bipolar episodes. Experts believe bipolar people have biological changes in their brain and an imbalance in brain chemicals (neurotransmitters). Hormone imbalance is also believed to be a cause of episodes. People that have a blood relative with bipolar disorder have a greater chance of also being bipolar. When someone has a stressful, abusive event, or has suffered a great loss may also trigger bipolar (WebMD). Symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary from mild to severe. The symptoms of mania consist of mood changes such as periods of feeling â€Å"high† or exceedingly happy and outgoing while also being agitated. People suffering from mania ... ...y/conditions/adult/mental_health_disorders/manic_depressionbipolar_disorder_85,P00743/>. Johnston, Janice. ABC 20/20. 21 April 2011. 1 April 2012 . Mayo Clinic Staff. Mayo Clinic. 18 January 2012. 31 March 2012 . National Institute of Mental Health. NIMH. n.d. 24 March 2012 . Russell, Peter. WebMD Health News. 14 April 2011. 1 April 2012 . Torrey, E. Fuller and Michael B. Knable. Surviving Manic Depression. New York: Basic Books, 2002. WebMD. WebMD. n.d. 24 March 2012 .

Catholic Church from Apostolic times until the present Essay

The development of priesthood within the Catholic Church from Apostolic times until the present has resulted in various improvements and changes in the sacrament of holy orders. This paper traces the roots of priesthood,   the duties and responsibilities of the ordained priest, and his forms and functions in the Catholic Church. One good excerpt is the saying from Spiderman: â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility.† We can replace the first word in the profession of priesthood and say: â€Å"With great faith comes great responsibility.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the Catholic Priesthood? It is   a divinely instituted sacrament that Christ Himself instituted as how the same Council of Trent explains in relation to the events of the Last Supper. â€Å"The Catholic priesthood is a state of life.† It follows logically on what the Church teaches–that   the priesthood is a sacrament that imprints an indelible character. Given that fact it must also be to say the least a permanent state of life. That requires a special divine vocation. (Hardon, 1998)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Priesthood’s origin is from Jesus Christ, the great High Priest, who, according to the Hebrew Chapter of the Bible 7:26 and 8:2,   â€Å"[w]as holy, blameless, unstained, separated from sinners of the world, exalted above heavens†¦a minister in the sanctuary which is set up not only by man but by the Lord.† Being the heavenly and high priest above all men, he offered himself as a sacrifice by being crucified on the cross and conferred his priesthood to his apostles (John 20:21-23; Matthew 28:19-20; Mark 16:15-18; and Acts 2:33, King James Version).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The unbroken chain of priesthood was passed on from the apostles of Christ to the first first ordained clergymen and through their successors. It was called an Apostolic Succession and was considered as a fundamental teaching on the Orthodox Church. Only through the Apostolic Succession can the clergymen receive the authority to become real representatives of Christ and the Apostles of the Church. (Orfanakos, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As successors of the Apostles and representatives of Christ in His Church, clergymen  Ã‚   continue the work of Jesus. They teach the word of God; offer the Holy Eucharist and administer the other sacraments; they govern the Church and take care of the spiritual needs of the members of their congregations. (Orfanakos, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being a priest is never easy. It requires time and devotion, especially great spirituality. A man who is weak from temptation in doing earthly things and desires more cannot enter this vocation of lifetime devotion to faith.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Priesthood falls under the sacrament of Holy Orders wherein a man goes through ordination and decides to do their part in serving the Church and its people. It is a ministry of meditation between man and God above as he performs the following functions: forgiveness of sins, blessings and casting away evil spirits. Priesthood’s foundation began on the declaration of God about priesthood to St. Peter in the region of Caesarea Philippi: â€Å"To thee I shall give the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; And whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth, shall be loosed in heaven† (Sacraments, 2008). This event also led to the formation of the priest’s responsibility: â€Å"Feed My lambs. Feed My sheep. Feed My ewes† (Sacraments, 2008). Its completion and perfection from that He breathed on them saying: â€Å"Receive ye the Holy Spirit; if ye forgive a man his sins, they are forgiven to him; and you withhold forgiveness of a man’s sins, they shall be held†. (Sacraments, 2008)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the old times, priesthood was considered as one of generation’s and man’s own choice to go in such ministry wherein their way of living is not merely a basis. In contrast to the new Priesthood by Apostolic succession, Ordination involves laying of hands to those chosen people to become priest granted that a thorough examination of their past life before entering the congregation as well as their thoughts about God is done. Once they are found blameless, they are qualified and blessed to become priest all through their lives.   Former priesthood was done by the use of Material oil but now, it is done through the spirit and laying on of hands (Sacraments, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the Assyrian Church of the east,   there are certain qualities that a man must possess before entering priesthood. First he, must be blameless. If he was ever married, he should  Ã‚   never have committed adultery. he should also be â€Å"alert mentally, modest, of good behavior, given to hospitality, apt at teaching; not given to wine, not hasty to strike, but patient, not quarrelsome, not greedy of lucre† (Sacraments, 2008). He should also be a great father, â€Å"[o]ne who rules well his own house, having his children under submission to bring them up with all purity† (Sacraments, 2008). He should also a devote Catholic since birth. Similarly, deacons should also maintain a life of purity (Sacraments,2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A clear examination of conscience should be done by men who desire to enter this lifetime vocation. According to St. Paul, â€Å"choosing priesthood is desiring to have a good work with the spirit of God† (Fitzgerald, 1996). Once the decision is made, the full conviction of giving special service to the church and the people of God is expected from people who are ordained as priests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on the Apostolic Customs of the church,   there are three major orders of priesthood: Bishops, Priests and Deacons, each of which requires a special ordination. The Bishop is viewed as the successor of the Apostles while the Priest and the Deacon act in the name of the Bishop. Each order is distinguished by its pastoral responsibilities. Only a Bishop may ordain. Often, other titles and offices are associated with the three orders. The Orthodox Church permits men to marry before they are ordained. Since the sixth century, Bishops have been chosen from the celibate clergy (Fitzgerald, 1996).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bishop is the highest order of priesthood. The name episcopos was given to the successors of the Apostles (Acts 20:28; 1 timothy 3:1-2; Titus 1:7, King James Version). The term â€Å"episcopos† means overseer and is also called as the Archpriest. This makes him the chief of the priest within a specific territory. There are many bishops worldwide and they are all equal among themselves since they own the same degree of priesthood. However, they are graded in their titles which depend on their administrative power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Priest occupies the second order of the Holy Priesthood. He is in charge of the community to which he gives spiritual services and where he administers all the sacraments, except ordination. He is the main celebrant during the Eucharist and leads the whole community of God into prayer and blesses them in the name of the Lord .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third order belongs to the Deacon or â€Å"diakonos† which means assistant (Matthew 20:26; Acts 6:1-7 King James Version). His main responsibility is to assist the priest during the celebration of sacraments and other church services. He often recites the litanies, gospel readings and other prayers .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Catholic priesthood is an institution necessary for Christianity. According to Fr. Hardon (1998), without priesthood, Christianity would cease to exist. If there is no priesthood,  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jesus Christ would not be present in the Eucharist. It is also the duty of priests to give penance to sinners and anoint the sick and dying in the world. They are also the ones who reveal the divine truth to the world. â€Å"In a world without priesthood, Christianity would be a memory but no longer a reality. It would cease to exist on earth in this admittedly, difficult valley of tears† (Hardon, 1998). Controversies in Catholic Priesthood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The last part of this research discusses the office of priesthood as retrieved from the Jesus is Lord website which will give a clearer view of what the office of priesthood really is:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the early 1970s, we who gloried in being priests were shocked to read the word of one of our best Roman Catholic Scripture scholars, Raymond E. Brown: When we move from the Old Testament to the New Testament, it is striking that while there are pagan priests and Jewish priests on the scene, no individual Christian is ever specifically identified as a priest. The Epistle to the Hebrews speaks of the high priesthood of Jesus by comparing his death and entry into heaven with the actions of the Jewish high priest who went into the Holy of Holies in the Tabernacle once a year with a offering for himself and for the sins of his people (Hebrews 9:6-7).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But it is noteworthy that the author of Hebrews does not associate the priesthood of Jesus with the Eucharist or the Last Supper; neither does he suggest that other Christians are priests in the likeness of Jesus. In fact, the once-for-all atmosphere that surrounds the priesthood of Jesus in Hebrews 10:12-14, has been offered as an explanation of why there are no Christian priests in the New Testament period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Later in the same chapter Brown argues for a priesthood like that of the Levitical class in the Old Testament. He makes his case for the development of such a doctrine by means of tradition. Even those of us who knew very little of the Bible knew that the Pharisees counted tradition superior to the clear Word of God. Brown did more to demolish the conviction that we were indeed priests than to ease our troubled minds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Now I see that what Brown stated in the section quoted is biblically and absolutely true. Other than the royal priesthood, which applies to all true believers in Christ, there is no office of priesthood in the New Testament. Rather, as Hebrews states so clearly of the Old Testament priests, â€Å"And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death: But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood. Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them† (Hebrews 7:23-25)   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Unchangeable priesthood† means just that in the Greek: aparabatos means â€Å"nontransferable†. The reason it cannot be transferred to men is that its essence is Christ’s own, ..who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens† (verse 26).   (Bennett, 2008)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many claims regarding the divinity and authenticity of Priesthood and being a priest. Depending on ones religion and belief, I can say that Priesthood is one noble job that will continuously challenge every man’s faith and their capacity to handle responsibility guaranteed by strong faith and conviction to God. References Bennett, Richard (2008) The Priesthood. Introduction to the Priesthood by a Converted Priest   Ã‚   retrieved January 15, 2008 from: http://www.jesus-is-lord.com/priestho.htm Fitzgerald, Thomas (1996). The Sacraments (Holy Orders). Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America Department of Religious Education. Retrieved, January 15, 2008 from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.annunciationwi.com/Main/Our_Faith_Articles/Sacraments.html Hardon, John A. (1998) What is the Catholic Priesthood. Inter Mirifica Archives. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   December 15, 2008 from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.therealpresence.org/archives/Priesthood/Priesthood_020.htm Orfanakos, Peter (2008). The Sacrament of the Holy Priesthood. Retrieved, January 15, 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚   from: www.annunciationwi.com/Main/Our_Faith_Articles/Priesthood_Orfanakos.html Sacraments: Priesthood (2008). Assyrian Church of the East. Retrieved January 15, 2008 from:   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.assyrianchurch.com.au/priesthood.htm

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Tell Them Who I AM The book Tell Them Who I Am by Elliot Liebow really shed some light on why many people (mainly women in this study) are homeless. The book makes it very clear that homeless people just don’t have a place to live. Their not all drug users, alcoholics or thieves, they just don’t have a home. Liebow started this participation study after retiring from her job and volunteering at a shelter for homeless women. This book reveals the living conditions, friendships, health and other aspects of the homeless woman. The beginning of the book (Part One) talks about how hard the living conditions were on the women. The shelters were exactly the quietest place to sleep. With many people sick, coughing kept many people awake. So fatigue was a major problem. On top of that, the shelters would close during the day which meant that the women would have to go into the streets and kill time for most of the day. I used to think that killing time would be easy for homeless people, but after reading this book I have changed that way of thinking. When the women would leave the shelter they would have to find some place to stay. Where they would go and how far they would travel always depended on the weather. I have seen first hand that many of homeless would wander into vacant houses and onto property of other businesses. They would then get the police called on them which obviously makes all the homeless people look bad. I was once called to a vacant house during the winter where there were two homeless women and two homeless men sleeping. The owner had received a call from a neighbor stating they were in there. When I got there the owner was in his car and was very upset about this incident. I noticed several articles of clothing and belongings that mad it obvious that the homeless people had been in this house for several weeks. Keep in mind that this home had been vacant for several months and there was no intention on the... Free Essays on The Nanny Diaries Free Essays on The Nanny Diaries Tell Them Who I AM The book Tell Them Who I Am by Elliot Liebow really shed some light on why many people (mainly women in this study) are homeless. The book makes it very clear that homeless people just don’t have a place to live. Their not all drug users, alcoholics or thieves, they just don’t have a home. Liebow started this participation study after retiring from her job and volunteering at a shelter for homeless women. This book reveals the living conditions, friendships, health and other aspects of the homeless woman. The beginning of the book (Part One) talks about how hard the living conditions were on the women. The shelters were exactly the quietest place to sleep. With many people sick, coughing kept many people awake. So fatigue was a major problem. On top of that, the shelters would close during the day which meant that the women would have to go into the streets and kill time for most of the day. I used to think that killing time would be easy for homeless people, but after reading this book I have changed that way of thinking. When the women would leave the shelter they would have to find some place to stay. Where they would go and how far they would travel always depended on the weather. I have seen first hand that many of homeless would wander into vacant houses and onto property of other businesses. They would then get the police called on them which obviously makes all the homeless people look bad. I was once called to a vacant house during the winter where there were two homeless women and two homeless men sleeping. The owner had received a call from a neighbor stating they were in there. When I got there the owner was in his car and was very upset about this incident. I noticed several articles of clothing and belongings that mad it obvious that the homeless people had been in this house for several weeks. Keep in mind that this home had been vacant for several months and there was no intention on the...

Refection for negation skill Essays - Negotiation, Free Essays

Refection for negation skill Essays - Negotiation, Free Essays Name : ID : 14033154 Home work : Refection for negation skill In previous week I was meeting with my employee to negotiation his offer. The negotiation skills is importance for manager. Negotiation is generally thought to be a compromise which is aimed at benefiting our interests as much as possible. It therefore is often associated with conflict resolution within organisations and occurs 'when people with differing needs or goals are prevented - or perceived that they are being prevented - by others in achieving these needs or goals' (Browaeys and Price 2008, p301). Before, I was meeting with my employees. I had preparation which is collecting relevant information, which includes issues comprising the outer and inner context of the case (Watson and Reissner 2014).when I was started, I had feel make him comfortably and confidence by having a liitle friendly conversation like tell with him How is your day ? and reserved praise for him about very well placement and very hard working . The bargaining was extremely challenging for me. I too have learned from the bargain, as it has taught me the importance of acting assertively with employees. If something is important, then sure, fight for it. But don't haggle over every little thing, just to show that you can. "Fighting to get just a bit more can rub people the wrong way," Malhotra( 2014) writes. Cornelius, N (2002) argues that giving and receiving counter-offers in this way gradually narrows the range of likely settlement points to a settlement point which is acceptable to both parties. Furthermore, Summarizing tentative agreements helps slow the pace of negotiation, and can provide space and therefore thinking time for negotiators(Thorn,2001). However, As the bargaining process moves forward it may be useful to call adjournments( Cornelius,2002), which allows you to check back that you are achieving what you want out of the negotiations and, more importantly, that the likely settlement point remains within your b argaining arena and above the bottom line set at the preparation stage. On the other hand, I always confident about listening skill is my strong point because that 90% of the respondents in the same strongly believed the statement negotiations use active listening skill to establish a good rapport and trust while implementing strategies (Micheal ,2012).I made my employees was confortable .However, I had some mistakes about the effect of the time. Because time is probably one of the most underrated variable in negotiation (Fowler, A 1996). The control of time and tinning strongly influences the climate for negotiation. Timing has also received attention in lecture on negotiation (Lewicki anxiety , intelligent and leadership potential (Fowler, A 1996). Looking back on this negotiation exercise, I can see that I can improve more skills and knowledge from my mistakes . I will improve conciliatory tone and language Which is important for manager. Furthermore, I should increases my strength in order to decreases my mistakes When I had negotiation with employees. Reference: Malhotra, D. (2014) 15 Rules for negotiating a job offer. Harvard Business Review April 2014 pg. 117 120 Fowler, A (1996) Negotiation Skills and Strategies. London: IPD Smith, T. (2007) Lets make a deal: A guide to successful workplace negotiations. Business and Economic Review. Oct Dec 2007 (on Blackboard) Cornelius, N (2002) Human Resource Management (2nd ed) London: Thomson Learning (Chapter 10) (on Blackboard)

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The Importance of Learning Language - Essay Example For tourists and travelers, skill in the language helps to communicate and learn new things about the countries. Indeed, when I had come from Somalia at the age of six years, I had no knowledge of the English language. The supplementary classes in English had greatly helped me to acclimatize and become comfortable in the new environment. Its proficiency not only helped me to become part of mainstream society but also facilitated in an acquisition of academic and professional qualifications.My professional degree in Pharmaceutical Science was made possible only because of my expertise in the English language. I want to teach English to foreign travelers and students. Though constructively employed in the healthcare industry since 2007, I feel the need to share my experience and make communication easier for people whose mother tongue is not English. CELTA or Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language is initial teaching qualification for people with little or no prior teaching experience.I have been volunteering at the community center where I help ESOL teacher with her class. I really enjoy helping her in teaching adults.It has revealed my natural talent for teaching as I am easily able to connect with people from diverse background. As a certified CELTA teacher, I would be able to help more people, especially travelers and foreign tourists, to overcome their language barrier and enjoy different culture with better understanding. I, therefore, believe that CELTA would help me to achieve my broader goals and objectives of life.

Quationair on Airtel Broadband Customer Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

Quationair on Airtel Broadband Customer Satisfaction Essay QUESTIONNAIRE BASED ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION NAME OF THE ORGANISATION:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ADDRESS / OFFICE (1) .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ BRANCH OFFICE / HO .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.( INDIA / ABROAD) CONTACT NO. (S).. (1) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ INFORMATION COLLECTED FROM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DESIGNATION/ E-MAIL ID †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ NO. OF INTERNET USERS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ HOURS OF USAGE PER DAY. * * ABOUT YOUR ORGANISATION SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. IT MANAGER †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. Overall, how do you feel about your experience with BHARTI as your Internet Service Provider? Excellent[ ] Very Good[ ] Good[ ] Fair[ ] Poor[ ] 2. Rate the following aspects of your internet connection from BHARTI ExcellentVery GoodGoodFairPoor Reliability[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Speed[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Busy signals[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Disconnects[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] 3 In speaking with your support representative, how would you rate the following as friendly, as professionalism or as in interested in solving your problem? a. Friendly As friendly as I expected[ ] Friendly[ ] Average[ ] Less friendly than I expected[ ] Unfriendly[ ] N/A[ ] b. Professionalism As professional as I expected[ ] Professional[ ] Neither professional nor unprofessional[ ] Less professional than I expected[ ] Unprofessional[ ] c. Interest in solving your problem As interested as I expected[ ] Very interested[ ] Interested[ ] Neither interested nor uninterested[ ] Uninterested[ ] 4.When solving your problem, how would you rate the information provided? Extremely well presented and understandable [ ] Well presented and understandable [ ] Sufficient to solve the problem [ ] Difficult to understand [ ] Extremely difficult to understand [ ] N/A [ ] 5. Understanding of the problem Very satisfied that my problem was understood[ ] Somewhat satisfied that my problem was understood[ ] Unsure that my problem was understood[ ] My problem was not understood [ ] Did not have the ability to solve my problem [ ] 6. Was your problem solved on this call? Yes[ ] No[ ] Do not remember[ ] Other ___________________________________ 7. If your answer to the previous question was no, why? The problem was caused by a piece of software other than Bharti software. [ ] The problem was due to a network or server outage.[ ] The problem was with my system or phone lines. [ ] I got transferred to someone who could fix my problem. [ ] I got frustrated and decided it was not worth fixing my Problem. [ ] The rep lacked the knowledge to resolve the problems With my Bharti software and connection correctly. [ ] Other ___________________________________ 8. If you needed to contact Bharti’s technical support again and were given the option to speak with this representative, would you? Yes[ ] No[ ] Undecided[ ] 9. How would you rate Bharti technical support as compared to that of other companies? Much better than other companies’ technical support.[ ] Better than other companies’ technical support.[ ] About the same quality as other companies technical support.[ ] Worse than other companies’ technical support.[ ] Much worse than other companies’ technical support.[ ] I have never contacted another company for technical support.[ ] N/A[ ]